UNIVERSITY  OF  CALIFORNIA,  SAN  DIEGO 


3  1822  00778  4739 


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UNIVEHSIIY  OF  CAIIFOHNIA.  SAN  DIEGO 

II  Hill  II  mil  Hi  111  III   


3  1822  00778  4739 


MIX 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doingj 


A>^7 


In   Land'buying 

In   Home-making 

In   Business 

In  Teaching 

In   Agriculture 
In    Establishing  Schools 

In  the  Trades 

In  Church  and  Missionary  Work 
In  the  Professions 


1868-1904 


HAMPTON    INSTITUTE 

PRESS 

HAMPTON,    VA. 


Foreword 

HK  IIAMI'TON     SCHOOL    has    hecii   accustomed 
tor  a  number  of  years  to  present  at  the    public 


^& 


mcctiiitjs  licld  in  its  interest  one  or  more  of  its 
former  Nctjro  anci  Indian  students,  who  have 
told  the  audiences  to  which  they  have  spoken  the  simple  sto- 
ries of  what  they  have  done.  These  young  men  and  women 
have  been  chosen  because  they  have  had  interesting  stories  to 
tell  and  have  told  them  fairly  well. 

In  this  booklet  we  present  word-pictures  and  photographs 
of  the  work  done  for  their  people  by  certain  of  our  boys  and 
girls,  who  have  been  chosen,  not  because  they  are  unusual  ex- 
amples but  because  they  are  representative,  and  also  because 
they  have  been  able  to  send  us  photographs  of  their  homes, 
schools,  or  places  of  business. 

It  is  often  asked  in  regard  to  Hampton's  work  ;  Does  it 
pay?  What  results  can  the  school  show?  To  these  questions 
this  little  book  is  intended  to  be  a  partial  answer.  Hampton 
has  endeavored  to  train  leaders  for  two  races — leaders  in  agri- 
culture, in  industrial  education,  in  business,  in  home  build- 
ing, in  improving  church  and  home  life,  in  public-school 
work,  in  foreign  missions,  in  professional  life.  That  we  have 
met  with  a  measure  of  success  in  this  endeavor  we  believe 
the  following  pages  will  show.  Mr.  Washington,  Hampton's 
most  distinguished  graduate,  who  has  had  more  than  fifty 
graduates  of  this  institution  as  well  as  representatives  of  other 
schools  in  his  corps  of  instructors,  when  asked  as  to  the  dif- 
ference between  teachers  trained  at  Hampton  and  elsewhere, 
said  that  the  graduates  of  other  institutions  often  excelled 
in  the  work  of  the  classroom  but  that  when  he  wanted  to  start 
a  new  enterprise  he  looked  for  a  Hampton  man  or  woman. 


What  Hampton  Graduates 

Are   Doing 

Towards   Encouraging 

The  Buying  of 

Land  and  Homes 


HOMES  OF  NEGRO  GRADUATES  IM  HAMPTON,  VA . 


What    Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


The  Tuskegee  Conference 


ife^ 


gjjERHAPS  no  other  Hampton  graduate  has  done 
St'  more  towards  encouraging  his  people  to  buy  land 
^;  ^-i  'I'^d  homes  than  Booker  T.  Washington,  LL.  D., 
^Tij  of  the  Class  of  1875,  the  well-known  principal  of 
Tuskegee  Institute  in  Alabama,  the  first  and  largest  outgrowth 
of  Hampton. 

The  Tuskegee  Farmers'  Conference  had  its  origin  in  1892 
through  the  efforts  of  Mr.  Washington  to  improve  the  condition 
of  the  Negroes  in  the  neighborhood  of  his  school.  It  has  grown 
since  that  time  until  it  is  attended  each  year  by  hundreds  of 
representative  farmers,  teachers,  and  other  workers,  and  has 
extended  its  influence  to  every  Southern  State,  as  is  shown  by 
the  numerous  branch  conferences  that  have  been  organized  in 
various  localities.  As  Mr.  Washington  says,  the  aim  of  this 
Conference  is  "not  so  much  to  gather  scientific  information 
as  to  encourage  and  inspire  the  people  to  better  living".  The 
vital  questions  of  land,  homes,  and  schools  are  kept  con- 
stantly at  the  front.  The  people  of  this  section,  the  Black  Belt 
cotton  district,  lived,  as  a  rule,  in  one-room  cabins  on  rented 
land.  They  mortgaged  their  crops  and  were  constantly  in  debt 
for  food  and  clothing.  Through  the  influence  of  the  Confer- 
ence these  conditions  were  gradually  changed,  until  in  1903, 
134  persons  reported  themselves  as  owning  homes  valued  at 
$99,615,  and  118  of  these  owned  other  land  and  houses  amount- 
ing to  $147,283.  Of  the  whole  number  of  pieces  of  property 
owned,  only  eleven  were  mortgaged. 

The  latest  reports  from  the  field  (1904)  show  "a  growing 
movement  among  the  Negroes  of  the  Black  Belt  toward  land 
buying  in  small  holdings,  the  erection  of  better  schoolhouses, 
homes,  and  churches,  and  the  lengthening  of  school  terms 
through  community  effort.  There  has  also  been  steady  improve- 
ment in  the  relations  between  the  races  and  a  decided  gain  in 
the  hope,  self-respect,  and  aspiration  that  have  come  to  the 
many   thousands  who  have  been  touched   by  the   Conference." 


I'OUNDEK  OF  THE  TUSKHGEi;   lAK.MEUs'  CONFERENCE 


TUSKEGEE  CONFERENCE  TYPES 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


The  Calhoun  Land  Company 


^'X 


m-:- 


t4  T  CALHOUN,  ALABAMA,  there  was  started  in 
i'^A^r/-<%v<!^ii  1896  a  movement  intended,  like  the  Tuskegee 
Conference,  to  encourage  the  Negroes  of  the  cot- 
ton belt  to  abandon  the  "lien  system  of  crop- 
ping", which  virtually  enslaved  them  anew,  and  to  estab- 
lish themselves  on  land  and  in  homes  of  their  own.  This  move- 
ment, known  as  co-operative  land  buying,  was  inaugurated  by 
-Miss  C.  R.  Thorn  and  Rev.  Pitt  Dillingham,  Principals  of  the 
Calhoun  School,  one  of  Hampton's  outgrowths.  This  is  in 
reality  a  social  settlement  which  keeps  itself  in  close  touch 
with  the  various  phases  of  life  in  the  community  of  poor  Ne- 
gro farmers  in  which  it  stands. 

The  practical  details  of  the  land  buying  have  been  worked 
out  by  John  W.  Lemon,  a  Hampton  graduate.  Class  of  1890, 
who  has  also  acted  for  ten  years  as  farm  manager  of  the  Cal- 
houn School.  The  Principals  say  of  him  that  he  has  the  en- 
tire confidence  of  the  people,  that  he  has  endless  patience  in 
working  out  the  details  of  the  land  company's  business,  and 
that  his  management  has  been  most  wise  and  sympathetic. 

The  first  piece  of  land,  purchased  was  a  lot  of  120  acres  at 
cost  of  $8C0.  Cn  this  four  families  were  placed.  At  present 
(1904)  the  land  company  owns  plantations  containing  nearly 
4. COO  acres  of  land.  On  this  land  88  Negro  families  have  set- 
tled and  have  paid  in  eight  years  $27,400.  Sixty  of  these  fam- 
ilies hold  the  deeds  for  their  farms  and  are  living  in  comfort- 
able two-  or  three-rocmed  houses,  are  raising  their  own  food 
supplies,  and  are  enjoying  the  self-respect  which  the  owner- 
ship of  property  brings.  The  remaining  families  are  gradu- 
ally paying  their  balances  and  securing  their  deeds.  What 
this  means  to  the  poor  mortgage-ridden  farmer  of  the  Black 
Belt  it  is  difficult  to  estimate.  The  men  are  being  trained  in 
business  habits  ;  and  thriftlessness  and  hopeless  poverty  are 
giving  place  to  energy  and  a  degree  of  prosperity. 


8 


lOlIN  \V.  I.EMON 


IHE  PASSING    OF  THE  ONE    ROOM  CABIN 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Out  of  the  One-Koom  Cabin 


!HE  latest  development  of  the  work  at  Calhoun  is 

*  *   I    '    '  /  ''     the  buying  of  land  and  the  building  of  homes  by 

J..  "^.    i     .  .'U^  ^' 

lit  f^^*'  Ff^.ri^i  the  school's  graduates.  One  of  the  first  to  build  a 
[i^-W'Z — yj^_^]  better  home  for  his  mother  was  Boyd  Rhetta,  who 
came  to  Hampton  after  finishing  his  coiirse  at  Calhoun,  gradua- 
ting in  1901.  On  his  return  home  he  found  his  mother  and  bro- 
thers and  sisters  in  a  very  uncomfortable  one-room  cabin,  and 
heard  the  story  of  his  father's  thriftlessness,  debt,  and  misused 
opportunities.  Inspired  by  the  Hampton  and  Calhoun  ideas  of 
self-help  and  self-support,  he  determined  to  join  the  land  com- 
pany, get  a  good  farm  for  himself,  and  make  anew  home  for  his 
mother.  Seeing  a  chance  to  earn  money  in  the  mines  near  Bir- 
mingham, he  left  home  to  work  there.  In  a  little  over  a  year  he  for- 
warded to  the  land  company  $525.75,  besides  supporting  his 
mother  and  her  children.  He  has  now  made  his  first  and  sec- 
ond payments  on  fifty  acres  of  land,  and  his  mother  is  living 
in  her  own  neat  little  three-roomed  cottage,  well  built  and 
painted,  and  fitted  with  glass  windows — a  luxury  in  that  com- 
munity, where    the  solid  v/ooden   shutter  is  almost  universal. 

Having  studied  agriculture  at  Hampton,  Rhetta  is  able  to 
do  good  worl:  on  his  farm.  He  has  put  up  a  substantial  poul- 
try house  and  is  giving  attc  c'on  to  his  garden  and  orchard, 
as  well  as  to  the  divevsi*  ,  of  his  crops.      He  is  determined 

to  show  that  the  people  of  Lowndes  County  can,  if  they  will, 
make  a  good  living  from  their  farms. 

It  is  encouraging  to  learn  that  thirteen  Calhoun  graduates 
are  either  buying  land  or  have  already  paid  for  a  farm. 


i 


l^-Jn^aSif 


niRTHPLACE  01"  HOVU    RHETTA 


HOUSE  BUILT  BY  BOYD    RHETTA  FOR  HIS  MOTHER 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


The  People's  Building  and  Loan  Association 


i^fe'Vy^^^liFwe  turn  from  Alabama  to  Virginia,  we  find  that 
•;  ■  Pi  '  >f  i  ^he  oldest  organized  effort  by  Hampton  gradu- 
\[f^-  ',y,-'^^ '■'■'■ '\'  stes  to  encourage  land  and  home  buying  among 
'i!^i5'^-^^ij  Negroes  is  the  People's  Building  and  Loan  As- 
sociation of  Hampton.  Its  president  is  Rev.  Richard  Spiller, 
D.  D.,  pastor  of  the  First  Colored  Baptist  Church,  but  its 
secretary,  attorney,  and  five  members  of  its  board  of  direc- 
tors are  men  trained  at  Hampton.  Harris  Barrett,  Class  of 
1885,  has  been  largely  instrumental  as  secretary  in  earning  for 
tlie  association  its  reputation  as  one  of  the  safest  financial  in- 
stitutions in  Hampton.  No  other  organization  in  the  com- 
munity has  done  more  to  stimulate  home  building  and  estab- 
lish habits  of  thrift    among  people  of  small  means. 

Since  its  charter  was  granted  in  1889,  when  it  began  busi- 
ness with  twelve  stockholders  and  eighteen  shares  of  stock, 
there  has  been  no  violation  of  trust  and  every  obligation  has 
been  promptly  met.  Now  (1904)  it  has  636  stockholders  own- 
ing 2,212  shares,  and  a  paid-in  stock  of  $105,000,  of  which  the 
Negroes  alone  own  $75,000.  Its  business  is  confined  to  loan- 
ing money  to  stockholders,  all  loans  being  secured  by  first 
mortgages  on  real  estate  or  by  a  lien  on  the  stock.  Holding 
back  a  reserve  fund  of  $6,000,  it  has  loaned  over  $200,000  to 
Negroes  of  the  vicinity  and  has  assisted  them  in  acquiring 
more  than  350  homes.  The  testimony  of  a  well-known  pro- 
fessional auditor  of  New  York  City,  who  examined  its  ac- 
counts, was  that  he  had  seen  no  better  evidence  of  sound  and 
wise  management  in  any  similar  association   anywhere. 

A  large  number  of  the  school's  graduates  and  ex-students 
liave,  through  the  aid  of  this  association,  bought  land  and 
built  upon  it  houses  of  from  six  to  twelve  rooms,  that  are  most 
attractive  in  appearance.  It  is  a  rule  established  by  their  own 
custom  and  seldom  broken,  that  no  Hampton  man  shall  marry 
until  he  owns  a  house  and  lot. 


HARRIS    liARRETT 


HOME  OF  WILLIA.M  GII;s(jN,  AN   LX-.^iLDUN  1 
Built  7oith  the  aid  of  the  PecJ>le''s  Building  and  Loan  Association 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 

The  Mt.  Hermon  Settlement 

V)\  /jlORKING  along  somewhat  different  lines  from  tlie 

People's    Biiilding  and    Loan  Association  of 

Hampton,    but    accomplistiing    similar    results, 

i|     is  the  land    company    which  has    developed  the 


Negro  settlement  of  Mt.  Hermon,  near  Portsmouth.  The 
moving  spirit  in  its  formation  was  Rev.  Holland  Powell,  for- 
merly a  member  of  the  Pastor's  Class  at  Hampton,  who  was 
its  president.  Its  attorney  was  Thomas  C  Walker,  Class  of 
1883,  a  prominent  lawyer  of  Gloucester  County,  whose  efforts 
to  interest  his  people  in  buying  homes  are  equaled  only  by  his 
energy  in  the  causes  of  education  and  temperance. 

The  Company  bought  between  two  and  three  hundred 
building  lots,  executing  notes  for  a  large  per  cent,  of  the  pur- 
chase price,  secured  them  by  a  deed  of  trust  on  the  land,  and 
built  upon  them  a  number  of  substantial  houses  which  it  sold 
to  members  subject  to  the  deed  of  trust.  In  1895,  Robert  B. 
Crocker,  Class  of  1890,  came  to  the  settlement  and  was  made 
secretary.  Two  years  later  the  Company,  having  ceased  to 
have  much  vitality,  was  bought  out  and  its  obligations  assum- 
ed by  its  president  and  secretary,  who  were  sincerely  inter- 
ested in  the  success  of  the  enterprise  and  willing  to  make  sac- 
rifices for  it.  Mr.  Powell  having  been  called  to  a  church  in 
Richmond,  the  management  fell  to  Mr.  Crocker,  who  has  con- 
ducted the  affairs  of  the  community  with  much  tact  and  busi- 
ness ability.  He  has  been  ably  assisted  by  William  M.  Reid, 
Class  of  1877,  who  succeeded  Mr.  Walker  as  attorney. 

When  the  settlement  began  in  1892,  $500  would  have  bought 
all  the  property  owned  by  Negroes  in  that  section.  Now  (1904) 
they  own  over  125  buildings  costing  from  $350  to  $2,500  each. 
Upwards  of  three  hiindred  people  live  there  and  the  morals 
and  general  order  are  as  good  as  in  any  community  in  the 
South.  There  is  no  saloon  in  the  place  and  there  has  never 
been  an  arrest. 


'4 


ROBERT   CROCKER  AND  HIS  HOME 


W  11  I.IAM   M.  REII) 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


An  Indian  Landholder 

||0  other  Hampton  graduate,  and  perhaps  no  other 
Indian,  has  had  more  to  do  with  the  surveying 
and  allotting  of  Indian  lands  than  Thomas  Wild- 
^  :*-o\Jj,j  cat  Alford,  an  Absentee  Shawnee  of  Shawnee, 
Oklahoma.  Beginning  his  career  after  graduating  from  Hamp- 
ton in  1882  as  a  government  teacher,  Mr.  Alford  has  acted  suc- 
cessively as  interpreter,  surveyor,  allotting  agent,  real  estate 
agent,  and  farmer,  gradually  becoming  the  most  influential  In- 
dian ainong  the  Shawnees. 

Acting  first  as  axeman  in  the  surveyor's  corps,  he  soon 
rose  to  the  position  of  compassman  at  four  dollars  a  day.  He 
acted  as  allotment  surveyor  for  the  Shawnees,  Kickapoos,  and 
Saux  and  Foxes,  being  also  county  surveyor  for  one  year.  In 
1894  he  was  appointed  Chairman  of  the  Absentee  Shawnee 
Committee  which  has  charge  of  all  negotiations  concerning 
Indian  lands.  He  is  also  secretary  of  the  General  Council  ap- 
pointed to  decide  questions  of  importance  to  the  Shawnee  na- 
tion, and  has  several  times  visited  Washington  on  business 
for  his  people. 

Although  Mr.  Alford  is  at  present  acting  as  assistant  clerk 
at  the  Shawnee  agency  he  manages  to  cultivate  a  model  farm, 
where  he  raises  his  own  vegetables,  fruits,  and  meats.  His 
neat  frame  house,  and  his  log  kitchen,  stable,  and  sheds  were 
built  with  his  own  hands.  He  has  sent  three  sons  to  Hamp- 
ton one  of  whom  was  graduated  in  1903.  The  two  others  are 
still  in  school. 


l6 


AN    AliSl'N  TKK-SliA\V.\KE   D  E  L  liC  A  1' l(  )N    K)    WASHINGTON 
riir  ,-,■  1,1  ,„l   Ihjiire   Is    riiuiiiii.i    irihlr.il   Ali',r,l 


HOME  OF  THOMAS  \V  I  LDCAT  ALFO  RD 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Progressive  Pima 


-       A'    ^' 


N  1881  there  appeared  at  Hampton  a  most  unusual 

student — a  bronze-faced  man  of  thirty  with  his 

^^\"       little  son  and  nephew  and  three  other  children. 

1^     He  knew  but  little  English,  the  others  none  at 

all.  This  man  was  Antonito  Azul,  son  of  the  chief  of  the 
Pima  Indians,  who,  desiring  to  improve  the  condition  of  his 
people,  had  come  East  with  the  leading  young  people  of  his 
tribe  in  order  to  learn  how  to  d  it.  He  himself  entered  both 
school  and  shop  as  a  pupil,  working  earnestly  for  a  year  and 
a  half,  not  only  in  the  departments  of  the  school  but  in  the 
community.  He  then  returned  home,  taking  with  him  speci- 
mens of  work  to  interest  his  people,  and  plans  by  which  he 
hoped  to  bring  about  many  improvements. 

One  of  his  first  public  acts  was  to  stamp  the  seal  of  his 
disapproval  upon  polygamy,  by  honorably  divorcing  one  of 
his  two  wives  and  settling  her  comfortably  in  her  own  home. 
To  replace  the  rude  hut  of  his  earlier  days  he  built  himself 
an  adobe  house,  and  began  improvements  on  his  land,  setting 
his  neighbors  an  exami  le  of  industry,  thrift,  and  enterprise. 

The    following  ds    show     the    estimation     in     which 

Antonito  was  held  by  the  veteran  army  officer.  Gen.  O.  O. 
Howard: — 

"In  bearing,  in  a  steady  purpose  to  do  right  from  which 
he  was  seldom  known  to  deviate,  in  courage  and  straightfor- 
wardness amid  the  most  unfavorable  circumstances,  in  sup- 
pressing his  natural  sentiments  of  hatred  and  revenge,  and  in 
striving  to  understand  the  new  conditions  of  his  tribe  among 
our  increasing  white  people,  Antonito  Azul  has  been  a  worthy 
disciple  of  Montezuma.  His  conduct  was  as  good  as  that  of 
Peter  the  Great,  for  he  also  took  a  long  journey  and  studied 
as  an  apprentice  that  he  might  return  and  lead  his  people 
into  higher  reaches  of  knowledge." 


ANTOMTO  AZUL,  HIS  1  ATIIER,  AM)  HIS    SUN 


Bl  iii  Hu,i> 


AUube   HuHst 
THE  EVOLUTION  OF  ANTONITO'S  HOUSE 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doing        *'-  , : 
Toward'^  'n^      ving 

'^     Negroes  and  Indians 


A  COOKING  CLASS  AT  CALHOUN 

Titiuilit   h'j   Annie   C  }■„  irjt:rcl,  „    ll,ini,>lin,    Kj-stnilent 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Social -Settlement  Worker 

^^^^IT^INCE  Mrs.   Harris  Barrett,   Class   of  1884,    began 

I  '01  VS'^^^t;" 

k  *  "^^  \^^-i^.'       housekeeping  fourteen  years  ago  in  the  town  of 

7'"  :^v.  '  y  ;  Hampton,  she  has  had  one  definite  aim — the 
\i%^S-:^-,^^^'{\  uplifting  of  the  women  and  girls  of  her  race 
and  the  helping  of  them  to  become  home  makers.  She  com- 
menced with  a  girls'  sewing  class  in  which  articles  were 
made  and  sold  to  help  defray  the  expenses  of  an  annual 
picnic  known  as  "Baby  Day." 

The  girls  of  the  club  were  frequently  invited  to  Mrs. 
Barrett's  house,  but  no  change  was  made  in  the  daily  routine 
when  they  were  present;  they  saw  the  everyday  home  life  of 
a  refined  man  and  woman  anxious  to  "pass  on"  the  knowledge 
and  culture  and  kindness  they  had  themselves  received.  An 
improvement  soon  became  apparent  in  neighbors'  houses, 
gardens,  and  fences.  Two  years  ago  a  small  clubhouse  was 
built  which  made  possible  more  neighborhood  work.  Lessons 
are  now  given  in  cooking,  sewing,  basketry,  gardening,  and 
singing.  Several  young  colored  teachers,  also  Hampton  grad- 
uates, volunteer  their  services  and  faithfully  teach  these  class- 
es and  a  kindergarten,  after  school  hours.  On  Sunday  after- 
noons the  club  members  meet  in  one  of  the  churches  for  a 
song  service;  and  recently  a  woman's  club  has  been  formed 
for  the  discussion  of  current  events.  An  emergency  outfit  for 
the  sick  poor  has  been  prepared  and  is  loaned  when  needed. 

In  all  these  ways  the  club  is  touching  the  life  of  the 
community  and  becoming  a  real  social  settlement.  As  a  close 
observer  of  this  work  says,  "While  it  is  all  far  reaching  and 
valuable,  the  personal  influence  of  both  Mr.  and  Mrs.  Barrett 
counts  for  much  more.  The  latter  is  always  present,  guiding, 
teaching,  and  keeping  a  careful  watch  over  all.  With  so  defi- 
nite an  aim,  so  vtnselfish  a  devotion,  the  personality  of  these 
lives  cannot  fail  to  give  light,  happiness,  and  peace  to  many 
in  the  community.  " 


THE  NEKlHnOKlinOT)  HOUSE 


Ki  I  ciii;n  in  the  n  ekui  iiorihidd  House 


GARDENING  CLASS  AT  THE  N  EIGH  E(1R  HOOD  HOUSE 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 
Home    Missionaries 


HEN  Hampton  graduates  establish  liomes  of  their 

own  these  usually    become  at   once   centers   of 

'.I'll 

lisiht  and  comfort  for  the   neighboring   commu- 


nity. Through  their  instrumentality  thousands 
of  mothers  and  children  have  learned  to  strive  for  higher 
ideals  in  work  and  condiict  and  have  become  better  homemak- 
ers  and  kinder  neighbors. 

One  of  the  pioneers  in  such  work  was  Mrs.  George  Davis, 
an  ex-student  and  wife  of  a  gradiiate  of  1874,  who  organized  a 
girls'  club  in  Hampton  in  1896  whose  membership  increased 
in  two  years  to  ninety-one.  A  mothers'  club  was  then  start- 
ed which  has  reached  in  all  over  one  thousand  mothers.  Sew- 
ing and  cooking  were  taught  and  Sunshine  Bands  were  formed 
for  children.  An  interesting  result  of  this  latest  work  was 
the  establishment  of  a  Sunshine  Library.  A  room  was  rented 
by  the  mothers,  and  though  the  first  one  measured  only  nine 
feet  by  seven  by  seven  and  a  half,  its  influence  was  not  pro- 
portioned to  its  cubic  contents.  It  was  light  and  airy,  hav- 
ing two  doors  and  two  windows.  It  boasted  "several  hundred 
books,  three  clean  lamps,  a  shining  little  heater,  and  four 
chairs."  These  are  now  housed  in  larger  quarters  adjoining  the 
mothers'  cooking-class  room,  and  is  still  accomplishing  its 
mission  of  keeping  boys  and  girls  off  the  streets  and  inter- 
ested in  good  literature. 

Another  earnest  neighborhood  worker  is  Mrs.  Laura  Titus, 
Class  of  '76,  who,  after  fifteen  years  of  service  in  the  public 
schools  and  in  the  homes  of  her  pupils,  settled  in  Norfolk  as 
the  wife  of  another  Hampton  graduate.  She  continued  her  work 
for  her  people,  forming  a  League  for  the  moral  improvement 
of  the  women  and  an  Old  Folks  Home  for  the  destitute  and 
decrepit.  Mrs.  Titus  is  now  a  strong  and  valued  helper  in  the 
work  of  the  Southern  Industrial  Classes  in  Norfolk  and  vicinity. 


24 


A  mothers'  club  in  NORFOLK,  VIRGINIA 

Ooii.l  ,:rUtl  hil   .!//■.«.    I.  u  it  vii    Titus 


I  HE    SUNSHINE    LI  BR  A  RV,  HAMPTON,  VIRGINIA 

Supporti'il  by  t  h  f  yromeii  of  Mrs.   Ceortje   Drti'is's  ri  nh 


What    Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Servants  to  the  Lowly 


Af^^iLONG  lines  similar  to  those  just  described  are 
working  scores  of  other  women  trained  at 
Hampton  to  think  no  service  too  lowly  for  them 
to  render.  Of  this  number  is  Mrs.  Sarah  Collins 
Fernandis,  Class  of  '82,  who,  after  many  years  of  missionary 
work  in  the  far  South,  married  and  took  up  her  residence  in 
the  slums  of  Washington,  where,  under  the  auspices  of  the  As- 
sociated Charities,  she  is  doing  social  settlement  work  in  her 
own  house  for  the  most  neglected  colored  people  of  the  city. 
The  activities  of  the  settlement,  carried  on  with  the  help  of 
twenty-five  volunteer  workers,  include  a  day  nursery,  a  kin- 
dergarten, and  clubs  for  boys,  mothers,  and  young  men.  An 
important  feature  is  the  stamp  saving  system  which  incul- 
cates in  the  young,  habits  of  thrift  and  economy.  Mrs.  Fer- 
nandis also  has  charge  of  the  children's  playgrounds  in  the 
vicinity.  The  Washington  Post  refers  to  this  work  in  the  fol- 
lowing words:  "Mrs.  Fernandis  has  the  knack  of  putting  the 
humblest  at  perfect  ease  in  her  presence.  The  whole  neigh- 
borhood, under  her  tactful  handling,  has  been  brought  into 
full  sympathy  and  cheerful  co-operation  with  the  settlement." 
Another  worker  among  the  lowly  is  Mrs.  Amelia  Perry 
Pride,  Class  of  '76,  who,  seeing  the  neglected  condition  of  the 
old  colored  women  of  Lynchburg,  asked  the  co-operation  of  a 
few  other  women  in  comfortable  circumstances  and  started,  in 
the  winter  of  '97,  an  Old  Folk's  Home.  As  many  as  one  hun- 
dred women  finally  became  interested  in  the  project  and  com- 
mittees were  fornisd  to  provide  fuel,  food,  clothing,  and  rent, 
for  the  inmates  of  the  Home.  Through  the  assistance  of  North- 
ern friends  a  building  was  finally  purchased  and  named 
the  Dorchester  Home.  Here  destitute  old  women  were  taken 
and  tenderly  cared  for  as  long  as  they  lived.  The  Home  is 
now  in  other  hands,  and  Mrs.  Pride  is  in  charge  of  an  indus- 
trial school  in  the  same  city. 

26 


'•^ 


DAY  NUKSERV  (TF  THE  NKHKO  SETT  LFM  KNT,    WASHINGTON,  D.  C. 

Mix.   Stir.di    C„n  i  „  x  Fr  r  „  ,,  „  ,1  i  .•^.    J!  ,' .1  i  .1  r  n  I    ll'.-zti-;- 


OLD  folk's  home.   LYNCHBURG,  \IKGl.\iA 
Esliibl  isheil    hij   .1//-S-,    Ji.irlhi    /V,-,;,    r  r  I  ■!  - 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


An  Indian  Field    Matron 


NNA  Dawson,  a  successful  field  matron  among 
the  Indians,  came  to  Hampton  when  a  little 
girl,  was  graduated  at  seventeen  and  taught  at 
Hampton  for  over  a  year.  In  1886  she  entered 
the  Normal  School  at  Framinghain,  Mass,  finished  her  course 
there  in  four  years,  and  went  out  among  the  Sioux.  She  taught 
at  the  Santee  Normal  School  for  three  years  and  then,  feeling 
that  her  people  needed  domestic  training  more  than  literary 
culture,  she  went  to  Boston  and  took  a  course  in  domestic 
science.  This  accomplished,  she  returned  to  her  own  people, 
the  Arickaras,  under  the  Government  appointment  of  field 
matron,  and  has  ever  since  been  working  among  the  older 
members  of  the  tribe,  caring  for  the  sick,  teaching  the  women 
to  improve  their  homes,  and  setting  an  example  of  strong  and 
beautiful  womanliness  that  has  attracted  and  held  the  admi- 
ration of  the  people  to  such  an  extent  that  they  have  been 
inspired  to  follow  her  lead  in  many  ways. 

Her  simple  little  house,  one  that  any  enterprising  man 
can  copy,  has  man'  'uf'icates  scattered  over  the  reservation, 
and  her  housekec  jo  simple  that  the  average   industri- 

ous man  or  woman  need  not  despair  of  having  a  home  just  as 
good.  Thisexampleof  everyday  "plain  living  and  high  think- 
ing" has  done  quite  as  much  for  the  young  people  of  the  tribe 
as  for  the  older  ones,  and  through  her  influence  a  large  num- 
ber of  boys  and  girls  have  come  East  to  Carlisle  and  Hampton' 
while  others  have  gone  to  schools  nearer  home.  In  1902  she 
married  Byron  Wilde,  who  has  been  a  student  at  Carlisle  and 
at  the  Fargo  Agricultural  School.  She  continues  her  work  as 
field  matron,  but  has  been  transferred  from  the  Arickaras  to 
the  Gros  Ventres,  among  whom  she  is  much  needed. 


28 


MRS.  ANNA  DAWSdN   WII.UE 


INTERIOR  OF  A  IIELU  MATRdN's  HOME 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doing 
Towards  Creating 
Good  Business  Habits 


30 


TANMlLL  l;lil)TllEKb'  DRUG  STORE,  STAUiNTuN,  VIRGINIA 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


The  Hampton  Supply  Company 

,^  HE  value  of  Hampton's  training  in  business  habits 
^,  /  may  be  inferred  from  the  fact  that  the  head 
tM\'^l  tt',>r>  bookkeeper  and  assistant  bookkeeper  in  the 
[[i_j^?Y_A' J^*^  school  Treasurer's  Office  are  graduates  trained 
in  the  office.  F.  D.  Banks,  Class  of  '76,  and  Harris  Barrett, 
Class  of  '85,  have  held  these  positions  for  twenty-seven  and 
nineteen  years  respectively.  They  have  the  entire  confidence 
of  the  school's  officers  and  trustees  and  of  other  business  men 
with  whom  they  come  in  contact. 

In  addition  to  his  work  in  the  Treasurer's  Office  of  the 
Institute,  Mr.  Banks  acts  as  treasurer  and  business  manager  of 
the  Hampton  Supply  Company,  in  the  town  of  Hampton.  This 
corporation  began  business  in  1896  with  a  paid-up  capital  of 
§3,500.  During  its  first  year  its  sales  aggregated  $9,000  ;  in  1904 
they  were  $20,000.  Each  year  has  shown  a  steady  increase  both 
in  extent  and  in  volume  of  business  done  until  it  is  now  the 
second  largest  enterprise  of  its  kind  in  the  town.  The  Com- 
pany handles  anthracite  coal,  wood,  hay,  grain,  stock,  feed, 
and  mill  stuff,  in  both  the  wholesale  and  the  retail  trade.  It  has 
always  given  satisfactory  service  and  has  had  increasing 
patronage  from  both  races.  Six  men  are  employed  in  the 
yards  and  two  in  the  office.  Four  Hampton  Institute  men 
besides  Mr.  Banks  serve  as  officers  and  directors  of  the  Com- 
pany. 


32 


I'KANK    I).    HANKS 


^J9        M.^ 


H       lis 

iia 


^A.T..  ,^ 


'^f^^W 


THE  HAMPTON  SUPPLY  CrOMl'ANV  S  YARDS 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Navaho  Trader 

^JN  excellent  example  of  what  Hampton  graduates 
?ii!'4<',  are  doing  towards  crenting  good  business  habits 
among  Indians  may  be  found  in  John  G.  Walk- 
er, of  the  Navaho  tribe,  who  returned  to  his 
people  after  completing  his  training  in  1901,  and  is  still  carry- 
ing on  among  them  a  business  which  encourages  the  Navahos 
to  be  thrifty,  honest,  and  businesslike  in  their  habits. 

Having  completed  the  carpenter's  trade  and  his  academic 
course  at  Hampton,  he  took  the  business  course  of  one  year 
and  was  employed  afterwards  for  two  years  in  the  school  Treas- 
urer's Office.  As  his  people,  the  Navahos,  living  on  a  large 
barren  reservation  in  Arizona,  are  dependent  for  self-support 
upon  their  large  flocks  of  sheep  whose  wool  they  make  into 
the  famous  Navaho  blankets  or  exchange  for  groceries  and  other 
goods,  Mr.  Walker  conceived  the  idea  of  helping  them  by  es- 
tablishing a  trader's  store  where  the  Indians  could  feel  assured 
that  they  would  "receive  the  full  value  of  their  goods  and  be 
treated  like  men  and  women."  Not  having  sufficient  capital 
to  go  into  business  for  himself,  he  sought  the  position  of 
clerk  with  the  better  class  of  traders,  remaining  for  various 
lengths  of  time  at  Gallup,  New  Mexico,  and  at  St.  Michael's 
and  Tolchaco,  Arizona,  at  which  latter  place  he  is  still  engaged 
in  encourgaging  the  Navahos  to  make  the  old-style  blankets. 
He  refuses  to  keep  Germantown  wool  or  to  buy  the  blankets 
made  from  it.  At  the  same  time  he  gives  exceptionally  good 
prices  for  blankets  made  from  pure  native  wool  colored  with 
vegetable  dyes.  Such  a  system  persisted  in  by  one  of  their 
own  people  can  hardly  fail  to  strengthen  the  Navahos  in 
thrift  and  business  integrity. 


34 


=f 


joiiM  <;.  walker's  sruKK  at  TALCHACO,  akizona 


A  "navaho  freighter  " 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


An  Indian  Man  of  Affairs 


HERE  appeared  several  years  ago  in  a  special  edi- 
tion of  the  Pender  Times,  Pender,  Nebraska, 
an  account  of  a  Hampton  graduate  who  was  at 
that  time  mayor  of  the  little  Western  city. 
"Thoinas  L.  Sloan,"  says  this  account,  "is  a  member  of  the 
Omaha  tribe  of  Indians.  Graduated  at  Hampton  in  1889,  he 
studied  law  in  a  private  offif e  and  is  to-day  recognized  as  one 
of  Pender's  leading  lawyers.  For  four  years  he  was  clerk  at 
the  Winnebago  agency.  He  was  twice  elected  county  surveyor 
and  twice  appointed  federal  court  commissioner.  He  has 
served  several  years  on  the  town's  board  of  trustees,  and  is  now 
its  chairman.  In  1900  he  built  a  flouring  mill  with  a  capacity 
of  seventy-five  barrels  a  day,  which  has  been  of  great  benefit 
to  the  community  and  is  still  being  successfully  operated." 
The  Times  speaks  of  Mr.  Sloan  as  "one  of  Pender's  best  re- 
spected and  most  substantial  citizens." 

Mr.  Sloan,  when  at  Hampton,  held  several  positions  of  re- 
sponsibility, being  captain  of  the  Indian  Company  and  presi- 
dent of  the  Indian  boys'  "Council."  He  was  valedictorian  of 
his  class  and  refused  to  be  "sent  through"  the  Yale  Law  School 
because  he  felt  that  a  law  education  gained  by  his  own  efforts 
would  make  him  a  stronger  man.  After  some  years'  experi- 
ence as  a  successful  lawyer  in  the  West,  he  was  admitted  to 
practice  before  the  United  States  Supreme  Court,  in  January, 
1904,  and  argued  a  case  before  that  body  in  behalf  of  members 
of  his  tribe.  Although  only  one-eighth  Indian  he  has  always 
identified  himeslf  with  the  Indians  and  has  devoted  his  le- 
gal and  business  ability  to  their  interests. 


36 


THOMAS  I  .  SLOAX 


THOMAS  L.    SH)An'S   STUDY 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Hampton  Men  in  Business 

ROM  the  large  number  of  Hampton  graduates  who- 
are  in  business  for  themselves,  it  is  difficult  to 
select  illustrations.  Perhaps  one  of  the  most 
[|iy^^^-i^'-c,-.'^'>-  striking  is  R.  R.  Palmer,  who  was  born  a  slave 
and  obtained  an  education  only  with  the  greatest  difficulty. 
After  studying  the  wheelwright's  trade  at  Hampton  he  opened 
a  shop  in  the  town,  where  he  makes  and  i-epairs  all  kinds  of 
vehicles  and  does  general  blacksmithing  and  wheelwrigliting. 
He  has  accumulated  considerable  property,  some  of  which  is 
invested  in  one  of  the  most  creditable  store  buildings  in  the 
town  of  Hampton.      It    was   built    in  1899  at  a  cost  of  $4,000. 

A  successful  tailoring  business  has  been  carried  on  for  six 
years  by  Charles  S.  Carter  of  Norfolk,  Virginia.  He  employs 
twelve  journeymen,  both  whites  and  Negroes,  and  is  patron- 
ized by  both  races.  His  business  amounts  to  between  $6,000 
and  $8,000  yearly  and  his  work  is  of  excsUent  quality.  His 
aim,  as  he  himself  puts  it,  is  so  to  live  as  "to  show  men  that 
they  can  be  clean,  honest,  and  God-fearing,  and  can  succeed 
in  business."  In  1902  he  was  made  vestryman  of  the  Colored 
Episcopal  Church  of  Norfolk. 

William  Burgess,  a  full-blood  Otoe,  studied  the  carpenter's 
trade  at  Hampton,  returning  in  1893  to  Oklahoma,  where  he 
has  since  worked  at  his  trade.  When  last  heard  from  he  was 
about  to  build  a  new  house  in  place  of  his  three-room  house, 
which  had  been  blown  down  by  a  cyclone.  He  is  a  remarkably 
industrious  man,  especially  when  it  is  considered  that  each 
member  of  his  tribe  receives  an  annuity  of  $90  and  an  allot- 
ment which  can  be  rented  at  a  fair  rate.  Some  time  ago  twen- 
ty-five three-room  houses  were  put  up  by  contract.  William 
Burgess  worked  on  these  with  white  carpenters,  earning  trom 
two  to  two  and  a  half  dollars  a  day,  and  doing  the  more  dif- 
ficult work  on  the  windows  and  doors. 


33 


R.  R.    I'AI.MHR  S  STURl';  AM)  \V  II  EELW  R  I  C  H  1'  Sllol' 


HARLES  CARTKR   IN   HIS  TAILOR  SHOP 


What  Hamptcn  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Hampton  Bookkeepers 


IwiNG  to  tlie  excellent  training  given  in  tlie 
Treasurer's  Office  at  Hampton  Institute  by  Gen- 
eral Marshall,  its  first  Treasurer,  and  his  suc- 
'-Ai  cessors,  many  graduates  have  been  enabled  to 
hold  positions  of  great  trust  and  responsibility.  Prominent 
among  these  are  Warren  Logan,  of  the  Class  of  1877,  who  has 
held  the  position  of  Treasurer  of  Tuskegee  Institute  since  1883. 
He  has  also  acted  as  secretary  and  treasurer  of  a  successful 
building  and  loan  association  which  was  started  in  the  town 
of  Tuskegee  in  1895.  He  owns  a  large  amount  of  land  and 
manages  successfully  a  farm  of  his  own. 

Associated  with  him  is  Charles  H.  Gibson,  who,  after  his 
graduation  in  1891,  served  most  efficiently  as  bookkeeper  for 
five  years  in  the  Treasurer's  Office  at  Hampton  and  then  ac- 
cepted the  position  of  head  bookkeeper  at  Tuskegee,  where  he 
also  acts  as  Assistant  Auditor  of  Accounts.  Both  he  and  Mr. 
Logan  teach  in  the  school  and  make  themselves  felt  in  various 
ways  in  the  neighboring  community,  not  only  in  business 
matters  but  in  everything  that  affects  the  welfare  of  the  peo- 
ple. Several  other  Hampton  men  are  assistant  bookkeepers 
at  Tuskegee,  and  five,  besides  Mr.  Banks  and  Mr.  Barrett  al- 
ready mentioned,  hold  similar  positiotis  at  Hampton. 

Other  bookkeepers  are  Edward  DesVerney,  of  the  Class 
of  1887,  who  is  employed  in  the  office  of  C.  A.  Shearson,  a 
cotton  broker  of  Savannah,  where  he  has  a  salary  of  $1,200  a 
year,  and  Edward  Ellis,  Jr,  an  ex-student,  who  is  supervising 
accountant  of  the  True  'Reformers'  Insurance  and  Banking  As- 
sociation of  Richmond. 


40 


ll.\KI,i:S  CIHSOX,   IN    Ills  Ol'l-K    K  AT   TUSKF.CIF.F. 


WARREN  A.  LOGAN 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doing 
Towards  Developing 
The  Public  School  System 


COLORED  GRADED  SCHOOL  AT  NEWPORT  NEWS,  VIRGINIA 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


An  Apostle  of  Manual  Training 

jN  the  early  days  of  Hampton  Institute,  ninety  per 
cent  of  its  graduates  became  teachers  in  the  pub- 
lic schools.  Although  this  percentage  has  de- 
creased since  the  establishment  of  the  Trade 
School,  Hampton  teachers  are  still  in  demand  by  superintend- 
ents, not  so  much  perhaps  on  account  of  their  scholarship  as 
because  of  their  general  good  character  and  the  missionary  spir- 
it which  leads  them  to  exert  a  wide  and  helpful  influence  in 
the  communities  to  which  they  go,  and  also  because  they  inva- 
riably try  to  promote  friendly  relations  between  the  races. 

In  most  of  the  cities  of  Virginia,  Hampton  graduates  may 
b2  found  acting  as  principals  of  graded  schools.  This  is  also 
true  in  several  Western  cities.  One  of  these,  who  was  the 
first  man  to  introduce  manual  training  into  the  schools  of  Kan- 
sas City,  is  Richard  T.  Coles,  a  graduate  of  the  Class  of  1878. 
The  first  shop  built  was  attached  to  the  Garrison  School  of 
w^hich  he  is  principal  and  where  he  now  has  two  Hampton 
men  as  assistants.  A.  A.  Starnes,  Class  of  1898,  who  assisted 
Mr.  Coles  for  some  years,  is  now  in  charge  of  industries  at 
Lincoln  Institute,  Jefferson  City,  Mo.  Manual  training  has 
grown  in  favor  in  Kansas  City  until  not  only  the  colored 
schools  are  supplied  with  shops,  but  also  the  white  schools — 
a  large  manual  training  high  school  of  fifty  rooms  having  re- 
cently been  built  for  white  pupils. 

Mr.  Coles  organized  the  Garrison  School  in  an  old  Baptist 
church  with  an  enrollment  of  30  in  1886.  It  was  soon  neces- 
sary to  liuild,  and  the  first  four-room  building  has  been  en- 
larged to  one  of  twelve  rooms  with  a  manual  training  annex, 
the  present  attendance  being  500.  Mr.  Coles  has  twice  been 
elected  president  of  the  Missouri  State  Teachers'  Association, 
and  has  taken  part  in  every  movement  for  the  betterment  of 
his  race  in  Kansas  City.  He  attributes  his  success  to  what  he 
calls  "  the  conmon-sense  education  "  he  received  at  Hampton. 

44 


RirilAKD  T.  COLES 


MANUAL  TRIANING  AT  THE  GARRISON  SCHOOL 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Principals  of  Graded  Schools 


^^  ROMINENT  among  tlie  successful    principals    of 
%       Virginia  graded  schools   is  John  Riley  Dungee, 


,^ \tef4-  Class  of  1884,  who  began  his  career  as  a  lawyer, 
i^5^_  but  after  two  years'  experience  was  convinced 
of  three  things  :  first,  that  he  and  his  profession  were  not 
adapted  to  each  other;  second,  that  the  legal  profession  is  not 
yet  a  generally  profitabls  one  for  men  of  his  race  ;  and  third, 
that  it  is  not  as  a  lawyer  that  a  colored  man  can  do  the  most 
good.  He  thereupon  began  teaching  again,  although  up  to 
this  time  he  had  felt  that  to  exchange  the  law  for  teaching 
school  was  to  compromise  his  dignity.  He  afterwards  came  to 
believe  that  the  profession  of  teaching  was  equal  in  dignity 
to  any  other  and  superior  to  most  in  its  opportunities  for  use- 
fulness. Beginning  with  a  private  night  school,  Mr.  Dungee 
was  soon  offered  a  position  in  the  public  schools  of  Roanoke, 
and  was  later  made  principal  of  the  colored  graded  school 
in  that  city  where  he  has  remained  nearly  ten  years.  When 
he  began  his  work  the  colored  people  were  hostile  to  indus- 
trial education  and  but  few  of  them  had  sent  their  children 
to  Hampton  or  other  schools.  As  a  result  of  Mr.  Dungee's 
work,  there  were  at  one  time  twenty-five  Roanoke  young  peo- 
ple at  Hampton  alone,  and  all  the  pupils  who  finished  his 
course  went  to  some  higher  school  to  complete  their  education 
Besides  being  principal  of  the  school,  he  is  elder,  clerk,  and 
chorister  in  his  church,  as  well  as  superintendent  and  teacher 
in  his  Sunday  school,  and  has  become  one  of  Roanoke's  most 
useful  and  influential  citizens. 

Among  other  principals  of  graded  schools  are  Nannie  B. 
Grooms,  '77,  Baltimore,  Md  ;  and  in  "Virginia,  Oliver  J.  Derritt, 
'83,  Staunton  ;  James  S.  Lee,  '88,  Newport  News ;  William  F. 
Grasty,  '79,  Danville  ;  Israel  C.  Nor;um,  cx-student,  Ports- 
mouth ;  Benjamin  E.  Tonsler,  '71,  Charlottesville  ;  and  William 
H.  Johnson,  '78,  Petersburg. 

46 


>ll  \   I;.  DL'NGEE 


ROANOKE  STUDENTS  AT  HAMPTON 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Many-sided  Hampton  Teacher 

M^/vs^^jS  a  rule  the  Hampton  country  teacher  buys  land, 
l^if!w?S3f»^  builds  a  home,  and  cultivates  a  farm,  or  works  at 
'v,  .'53-)..  '■(;  a  trade  in  order  to  supplement  his  small  salary 
S^-^,.>-^J-^i  and  enable  him  to  remain  in  the  country.  In  ad- 
dition he  often  acts,  both  in  the  West  and  in  the  South,  as  gen- 
eral counselor,  lawyer,  doctor,  or  minister  for  the  neighborhood, 
works  in  the  various  temperance  and  other  clubs,  and  encour- 
ages the  people  to  buy  land  and  establish  and  maintain  good 
homes.  Of  late  years,  more  particularly  since  the  Hampton. 
Summer  School  has  given  to  teachers  courses  in  gardening,  up- 
holstery, sewing,  and  cooking,  he  has  in  many  cases  introduced 
industrial  courses  into  his  school. 

The  work  of  George  D.  Wharton,  Class  of  1880,  affords  an 
illustration  of  the  various  ways  in  which  a  Hampton  graduate 
affects  the  life  of  his  community.  Mr.  Wharton  is  a  teacher^ 
a  preacher,  a  lawyer,  a  merchant,  and  a  home  builder.  As  a 
teacher  he  has  reached  in  twenty-three  years  at  Averett,  South- 
side,  Virginia,  about  one  thousand  children,  many  of  whom 
are  now  heads  of  families  or  are  teaching  in  various  parts  of 
the  South. 

As  a  preacher,  Mr.  Wharton  has  been  instrumental  in  rais- 
ing the  standard  of  morality,  in  coirecting  false  ideas  of  reli- 
gious worship,  in  organizing  a  church,  and  in  building  a  new 
house  of  worship.  He  also  preaches  in  two  other  parishes  and 
attends  all  the  religious  gatherings  of  his  people  in  Southside, 
addressing  them  on  industrial  education,  temperance,  and 
morality.  He  ministers  to  his  people,  also,  in  material  matters, 
encouraging  them  to  buy  land  and  build  houses.  He  himself 
sets  an  example  by  being  the  owner  of  a  well-tilled  farm  of 
125  acres,  and  of  a  store  of  general  merchandise.  Mr.  Wharton 
holds  several  positions  of  responsibility,  one  of  them  being 
the  presidency  of  the  board  of  trustees  of  the  Keysville  Indus- 
trial Mission  School,  which  is  largely  supported  by  the  color- 
ed people  of  Southside. 

28 


A  I  IIOKINI;  CLASS  IN  A  DISTRICT  SCHOOL 
T'l  iiilhl    hil    lltlfll    I'oole 


CHAIR  CANING  CLASS  AT  HUN  TE  R  SVILLE,  VIRGINIA 
Tdifjht   hij  Klizaheth    11  a  i  a  e  ,j 


What    Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 
Industrial  Training  m  Public  Schools 


I^HE  influence  of  Hampton  graduates  in  introdu- 
cing industrial  features  into  the  common  schools 
has  been  marked.  Through  the  Southern  and 
Huntington  Industrial  Classes,  started  as  phil- 
anthropic enterprises,  but  now  recognized  as  part  of  the  pub- 
lic school  systems  of  Norfolk,  Newport  News,  and  neighbor- 
ring  towns,  sewing,  cooking,  gardening,  chair  caning,  and 
bench  work  have  been  taught  in  nearly  all  of  the  colored 
schools  of  this  section  of  Virginia.  Most  of  the  teachers 
employed  by  these  Classes  have  been  trained  at  Hampton. 
Other  graduates  have  started  industrial  classes  in  various 
parts  of  the  South  and  West. 

The  work  of  Judia  Jackson,  a  graduate  of  Atlanta,  who 
attended  one  session  of  Hampton's  summer  school,  is  worthy 
of  mention.  Wishing  to  serve  her  race,  she  left  a  lucrative 
position  in  the  schools  of  Athens,  Georgia,  to  devote  her- 
self to  the  people  of  a  neglected  rural  community  near 
that  city,  where,  with  the  help  of  the  General  Education 
Board  and  of  the  local  authorities,  she  started  a  model  school 
and  is  influencing  the  community  for  good  in  many  ways. 
During  the  first  year,  Miss  Jackson  enrolled  225  pupils,  who 
were  taught,  besides  the  ordinary  English  branches,  drawing, 
sewing,  dressmaking,  chair  caning,  upholstering,  and  corn- 
shuck  mat  making.  Gardening  has  since  been  added.  Miss 
Jackson  also  conducts  a  month's  institute  for  the  teachers  of 
two  counties.  Since  the  beginning  of  this  work  three  other 
graded  schools  for  colored  children  have  been  made  possible 
in  the  county  by  the  consolidation  of  small  district  schools. 
Besides  carrying  on  this  model  school.  Miss  Jackson  has  or- 
ganized a  Mutual  Improvement  Society,  through  which  poor 
farmers,  formerly  renters,  have  bought  land  of  their  own. 


50 


*3  :^:i:; 


SEWING  CLASS  AT  PF.ABODV  A(  AUEMV,  TROV,  N.C. 
■/■,(  II  nil  I    h  !l    Mil  I  Kii'    II.     i:  i-,:r  II 


lytilaijr^f  ,!i_,ij'Vi'.f^ 


)M.MLNrrv  SCHOOL  AT  HELICC)N  SPRINC;s,  CiA. 

T.l  liijll  I     li  (I    J  ml  in     r.     .I.irkyoii 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


School    Gardening 


HE  garden  at  the  Whittier  practice  school  of 
Hampton  Institute  illustrates  what  is  being 
done  on  a  smaller  scale  in  an  increasing  number 
of  public  schools.  The  gardening  at  the  Whittier 
School  IS  taught  by  the  grade  teachers,  most  of  whom  are 
Hampton  graduates,  under  the  supervision  of  John  B.  Pierce, 
a  graduate  of  Hampton's  Agricultural  Department.  The  gar- 
den embraces  about  two  acres  and  is  divided  into  two  hun- 
dred plots,  each  planted  and  cultivated  by  two  children.  At 
its  entrance  is  a  T-shaped  lawn,  extending  across  the  front 
and  about  two-thirds  the  distance  down  the  center  of  the 
land  allotted  to  beds.  These  vary  in  size  from  4x6  feet  for 
the  small  kindergartners  to  11x15  feet  for  the  seventh-grade 
boys  and  girls.  Between  the  beds  is  a  one-foot  path,  and  on 
either  side  of  each  section  is  a  walk  two  feet  wide.  There 
are  borders  of  ornamental  flowers  along  the  sides  and  rear  of 
the  garden.  The  ground  is  prepared  for  planting  both  in  the 
fall  and  in  the  spring.  The  fall  crops  are  spinach,  radishes, 
kale,  and  onions,  and  those  of  spring  are  cabbages,  tomatoes, 
lettuce,  marigolds,  zinnias,  and  nasturtiums  started  in  flats  in- 
doors, and  radishes,  peas,  and  beans  planted  in  the  beds  as 
soon  as  the  weather  permits. 

As  a  result  of  this  school  gardening,  the  children's  pow- 
ers of  observation  have  been  quickened  and  they  have  shown 
themselves  mentally  more  alert;  their  sense  of  beauty  has_been 
increased  as  well  as  their  sense  of  responsibility  for  the  ap- 
pearance of  the  school  grounds  ;  they  have  gained  in  gentle- 
ness, in  self-respect,  and  in  regard  for  others'  property  and 
rights.  If  such  qualities  can  be  developed  through  school 
gardening,  the  work  that  Hampton  graduates  are  doing  along 
this  line  may  be  counted  among  the  things  that  are  worth 
while. 


52 


GARDENING  AT  THE  WHITTIER  SCHOOL,  HAMPTON 


GATHERING  CROPS  TO  C \RRV  HOME 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Indian  Camp  School  Teachers 


XCEPTING  only  the  field  matron,  probably  no 
one  in  an  Indian  community  has  the  opportu- 
nity to  wield  so  strong  an  influence  over  the 
home  life  of  the  people  as  the  camp-school 
teacher.  Coming  in  contact,  as  he  does,  with  the  little  chil- 
dren in  a  day  school  from  which  they  go  to  their  parents 
at  night  carrying  with  them  some  of  his  teachings  ;  aided  by 
his  wife  in  the  capacit/  of  matron,  and,  of  necessity,  united 
with  the  community  in  a  common  interest,  he  may,  if  he 
choose,  be  counselor  and  friend  to  youth  and  age,  and  a  light 
unto  the  feet  of  all  who  are  trying  to  "  walk  the  new  trails." 

This  seems  an  ideal  position  for  the  Indian  graduate  who 
possesses  the  necsssary  qualifications ;  and  such  a  one  is 
Robert  P.  Higheagle,  a  full-blood  Sioux  from  Standing  Rock 
Agency,  N.  D,  who  was  graduated  in  1895.  For  several  years  he 
filled  the  position  of  camp-school  teacher  at  Bull  Head 
Station,  Standing  Rock,  and  later  took  up  similar  work  at 
Fort  Totten,  N.  D.  In  1898  he  married  a  Sioux  girl  of  much 
refinement  who  was  ambitious  to  make  for  him  a  home  after 
the  manner  of  the  white  man's,  and  therein  they  have  worked 
together  for  the  training  of  their  pupils. 

Among  the  other  returned  Hampton  students  engaged  in 
teaching  camp  schools  is  Josephine  Barnaby,  an  Omaha,  who 
was  graduated  in  1887.  Better  to  prepare  herself  for  work 
among  her  people  she  took  a  partial  course  in  the  Training 
School  for  Nurses  in  New  Haven,  and  then  went  to  help  in 
the  mission  work  among  the  Sioux  at  Standing  Rock.  After 
her  maiTiage,  she  and  her  husband  took  a  camp  school  among 
the  Chippewas  in  Minnesota  where  they  have  been  since 
1896,  teaching  the  children  and  helping  the  older  Indians  in 
their  homes.  She  says  that  her  training  in  the  hospital  has 
been  a  great  blessing  to  her  in  her  work  for  the  people. 


54 


ROBRKT  lllCllKAGLIi's   IIOM  li  A  \' I )  S(   liooIHoUSE 


JOSEPHINE  r.ARNABV  AND  HER    ITPILS 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doing  '"    /' . 

Towards   Extending  -'.  •' 

The  Study  of  Agriculture        '        • 


A-:! 


56 


.SMLChlNC-       OKN  ON  THE  FARM   OF  FLIZA   V    BOLLING 


What  Hampton  Graduates  are  Doing 


■armers    Institutes 


ERHAPS  the  largest  farmers'  school  in  the  South 
is  the  one  organized  by  P.  W.  Dawkins,  Class  o£ 
'86.  It  consists  of  over  one  thousand  members 
liJ^^— ^'  '-  ^'  living  on  some  of  the  Sea  Islands  off  the  coast  of 
South  Carolina,  and  on  the  adjacent  mainland  in  Beaufort 
County.  Mr.  Dawkins  accepted  in  1901  the  position  of  super- 
intendent of  industries  at  the  Penn  School  on  St.  Helena  Is- 
land. After  organizing  a  central  farmers'  school  there,  he 
formed  branch  associations  in  five  other  places.  These  vari- 
ous organizations  meet  four  times  each  year  and  have  regular 
lessons  in  agriculture  which  many  of  the  members  put  into 
practice  when  they  return  home.  Committees  have  been  ap- 
pointed on  forestry,  farm  products,  home  products,  sanitation, 
and  home  decoration.  The  results  of  this  work  are  seen  in 
the  improved  appearance  of  the  homes  and  in  the  better  culti- 
vation of  the  crops.  Before  being  called  to  the  work  at  St. 
Helena,  Mr.  Dawkins  had  had  an  experience  of  seventeen 
years  in  teaching  and  farming  in  North  Carolina,  where  it  was 
his  constant  effort  to  improve  agricultural  methods  in  his  com- 
munity, and  to  encourage  the  people  in  the  buying  of  homes. 
Another  Hampton  graduate  who  is  influencing  his  people 
along  agricultural  lines  is  Frank  Trigg,  Class  of  '74,  who,  after 
teaching  for  twenty  years  in  the  graded  schools  of  Lynchburg, 
was  called  to  take  charge  of  the  Princess  Anne  Academy,  the 
Eastern  Branch  of  the  Maryland  Agricultural  College.  He  has 
a  school  farm  of  125  acres,  75  being  under  cultivation,  and 
supplying  the  boarding  department  with  flour,  vegetables,  and 
stock  feed,  as  well  as  producing  fruit  and  early  garden  truck 
for  shipment  to  Baltimore.  Mr.  Trigg  organized  in  1903  a 
farmers'  institute  which  has  been  well  attended  and  which  is 
calculated  to  do  much  good  in  the  community,  many  of  the 
farmers  having  already  put  into  practice  what  they  have  learn- 
ed at  the  institutes. 


58 


mi-:.mi;fks  ok  rii  e  iakmf.rs'  m  im  iol  on  'i  hi-:  si;.\  islands 


THR  BARNS  OF  THE   PRINCESS  ANNE  ACADEMY,  M  U. 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Some  NA/omen  Farmers 


NE  of  Hampton's  most  successful  farmers  is  a 
woman,  Eliza  W.  Boiling,  Class  of  '91,  who  owns 
a  large  tobacco  farm  near  Farmville,  Virginia, 
on  which  she  raises  also  oats,  wheat,  corn,  and 
all  of  her  table  supplies  except  tea,  coffee,  beef,  and  mutton. 
She  was  administratrix  of  her  father's  estate  of  nearly  one 
thousand  acres  and  is  recognized  as  an  excellent  business 
woman.  She  enjoys  the  respect  and  confidence  of  all  classes 
of  both  races  in  Farmville. 

Another  woman  who  is  doing  much  to  encourage  better 
methods  of  agriculture  is  Georgia  Washington,  Class  of  '82, 
principal  of  the  People's  School  at  Mt.  Meigs,  Alabama.  In 
1900,  she  bought,  with  the  aid  of  the  people  of  the  community 
and  Northern  friends,  twenty-four  acres  of  land  for  a  school 
farm.  On  this,  cotton,  corn,  and  truck  crops  are  raised  by  the 
older  boys  of  the  school.  One  of  these  boys,  after  graduating 
at  Mt.  Meigs,  took  a  course  at  Hampton  and  went  back  to  put 
in  practice  on  the  school  farm  some  of  the  principles  learned 
in  his  agricultural  classroom.  By  following  new  methods  he 
succeeded  in  raising  better  cotton  and  more  to  the  acre  than 
his  neighbor  did.  "  Through  our  little  farm,"  he  says,  "people 
are  taught  lessons  that  no  amount  of  writing  or  talking  could 
effectively  teach.  Every  farmer  in  the  community,  white  as 
well  as  black,  has  his  eyes  upon  the  school  farm."  Using  this 
as  an  object  lesson  and  supplementing  it  with  simple  experi- 
ments indoors,  this  young  teacher  succeeded  in  changing  the 
pupils'  dislike  for  farming  into  genuine  enthusiasm.  They  pre- 
pared and  planted  a  garden,  "opening  their  eyes  with  surprise 
and  delight  when  they  saw  that  seed  planted  on  flat  beds 
sprouted  several  days  earlier  than  that  planted  on  ridges." 
Simple  lessons  were  given  on  selecting,  germinating,  and  test- 
ing seeds,  with  special  application  to  the  staple  crops  of  the 
locality. 


6o 


THE  FIRST  BALE  OV  COTTON  RAISED  ON  THE  SCHOOL  FARM  AT  MT.  MEIGS,  ALA. 


AN  ACRE  OF  MULES"  AT  THE   TUSKEGEE  CONFERENCE 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Stock   Raising 


[MONG  Hampton's  Indian  graduates  are  some  who 
are  doing  an  extensive  business  in  stock  rais- 
ing. Of  tliese  Jolin  Downing,  Class  of  1882,  one 
of  tlie  first  tliree  Indian  graduates  from  Hamp- 
ton, is  perhaps  the  mos*.  successful.  On  his  return  to  In- 
<iian  Territory  he  settled  on  a  farm,  and  beginning  with  a 
log  house,  twenty  acreu  of  land,  and  a  few  cattle,  has  prosper- 
ed year  by  year  until  he  now  lives  in  a  large,  well-built 
house,  has  470  acres  of  land  under  cultivation,  and  owns  also 
nine  quarter-sections  of  allotted  land.  He  raises  large  crops 
of  corn,  cotton,  wheat,  and  millet,  and  has  400  head  of  cattle, 
horses,  and  hogs  on  his  ranch,  which  is  situated  on  the 
Witchita  River  in  Oklahoma.  "  In  all  that  country  "  says  one 
who  visited  Mr.  Downing  in  1890,  "  there  is  not  a  finer  farm 
or  herd,  nor  a  more  enterprising  farmer  or  herder.  Already 
this  young  man  is  riclc  in  stock,  in  grain,  farm  produce,  and 
fruit ;  rich  also  in  a  higlier  sense  in  wife,  children,  and  home, 
and  in  the  proud  conscioub.J2ss  that  all  this  has  come  about 
through  his  own  intelligent  and  hard  work.  I  see  constantly 
in  such  homes  as  this  the  results  of  Hampton's  training  and 
influence." 

Excellent  pra  cal  instruction  in  the  care  ti  stock  is 
given  at  Hampton  i.  means  of  the  model  cow  barn  at  the 
Hemenway  Farm,  v;.jt,.-e  166  milch  cr  s,  yielding  in  1904,  66,- 
930  gallons  of  milk,  are  housed  ,tna  cared  for  according  to 
the  most  approved  methods.  This  barn  is  in  charge  of  Henry 
B.  Jordan,  Class  of  1891,  who  is  also  manager  of  the  farm  of 
5^0  acres,  275  of  which  are  under  cultivation.  Many  a  young 
n:an,  has,  under  Captain  Jordan,  begun  to  realize  that  instead 
of  offering  a  life  of  drudgery  the  farm  opens  a  door  of  oppor- 
tunity for  earning  a  livelihood  through  intelligent  and  skill- 
ful work. 


'W    K   \  N(    II    '    >',  \  I    1  '    I:',     h  ill  \    I  I.  i\\  \  I  NG 


THE  SHELLB\NK.S  BARN,    HA.MPTON   INSTITUTK 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doing 
Towards  Establishing 
And  Maintaining 
Industrial  Schools 


64 


HOOKER    r.  WASHINGTON,   L],     1) 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 

Tuskegee 

HE  most  prominent  industrial  school  founded  by 
a  Hampton  graduate  is  the  Tuskegee  Institute 
I  in  Alabama,  started  in  1880  by  Booker  T.  Wash- 
^MMlU^M'J}]  ington,  LL.  D,  Class  of  '75.  The  astonishing 
growth  and  development  of  this  school  are  too  well  known  to 
need  description.  The  number  of  boarding  pupils  is  already 
twice  as  great  as  the  number  at  Hampton ;  there  are  nearly 
twice  as  many  buildings,  and  more  trades  are  taught.  Every 
year  sees  new  equipment  and  improvements  of  all  kinds  add- 
ed to  the  school  which  has  done  so  much  to  convince  the 
world  of  the  value  of  industrial  training  and  of  the  far  seeing 
wisdom  of  General  Armstrong  whose  life  was  Dr.  Washing- 
ton's inspiration. 

Fourteen  of  the  trades  taught  at  Tuskeges  are  housed  in 
the  Slater-Armstrong  Memorial  Trade  School  built  in  1899. 
John  H.  Washington,  Class  of  '79,  an  older  brother  of  the 
founder,  who  is  now  superintendent  of  industries  at  Tuske- 
gee, directed  the  work  on  this  building  as  he  did  that  on  most 
of  the  others.  He  has  never  been  known  to  disappoint  the 
school  by  not  having  a  building  ready  at  the  appointed  time, 
although  when  the  new  chapel  was  to  be  dedicated,  he  worked 
all  night  to  finish  it,  and  some  of  the  litter  of  construction 
was  being  swept  out  of  the  back  door  as  the  head  of  the  pro- 
cession entered  at  the  front.  Superintendent  Washington  has 
been  well  named  "one  of  the  makers  of  Tuskegee."  Many  of 
the  teachers  of  industries  at  the  school,  as  well  as  a  number 
of  instructors  in  other  departments,  are  Hampton  graduates. 
In  Dorothy  Hall,  the  domestic  science  building  erected  in 
1901,  the  girls  are  taught  ten  industries,  which  include,  besides 
the  ordinary  branches,  the  making  of  mattresses,  soap,  and 
brooms. 

A  Tuskegee  graduate  has  in  his  turn  started  an  industrial 
school  at  Utica,  Mississippi.  Twenty-six  others  have  founded 
schools,  most  of  which  have  industrial  features. 

66 


V 


UOKOTHV  HALL,  TUSKlClilU:   INSTITUTE 


•fi 


THE  TUSKEGEE  TRADE  SCHOOL 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Group  of  Young  Hamptons 

HE  largest  outgrowth  of  Hampton  in  Virginia  is 
St.  Paul's  Normal  and  Industrial  School  at 
Lawrenceville,  Va,  founded  in  1888  by  Rev. 
James  S.  Russell,  a  Hampton  ex-student,  now 
an  archdeacon  in  the  Episcopal  Church.  The  plant  consists 
of  1700  acres  of  land,  and  nearly  thirty  buildings,  most  of  which 
were  erected  by  student  labor,  the  bricks  and  lumber  for  thein 
being  also  prepared  by  the  students.  The  contrast  between 
these  and  the  mud  cabins  of  slavery  time  still  standing  near  by 
is  most  suggestive  of  the  progress  that  the  Negro  race  has 
made  since  its  emancipation.  Sixteen  industries  are  taught  at 
St.  Paul's,  many  of  the  instructors  being  Hampton  graduates. 
The  school  numbers  at  present  nearly  five  hundred  students 
and  has  had  under  its  care  over  two  thousand  young  people 
who  have  been  trained  to  self-support  and  right  ways  of  liv- 
ing. 

Another  industrial  school  founded  by  a  Hampton  ex- 
student  is  the  Cappahosic  High  School  on  the  York  River  in 
Gloucester  County.  It  was  started  in  1888  by  William  B. 
Weaver  with  four  pupils  who  were  taught  in  an  old  store- 
house. In  less  than  ten  years  it  owned  nearly  one  hundred 
and  fifty  acres  of  land,  with  two  large  buildings  and  other 
school  property  valued  at  $14,000.  In  1891  it  became  a  school 
of  the  American  Missionary  Association  with  Wm.  G.  Price, 
Class  of  1890,  as  principal.  The  Association  considers  the 
class  of  students  at  Cappahosic  superior  to  that  in  many  other 
localities.  They  do  the  entire  work  of  the  farm  and  house- 
hold and  their  academic  work  is  of  excellent  grade.  The 
course  includes  Normal  training  and  some  good  teachers  go 
out  from  this  school  into  the  rural  districts  of  the  State. 


68 


n 


I  I  i  iiiii 


1 1 1  i%i 


HI'  1  1.1)1  MIS    C  II''     I   II  I       IK  I  N(     I    ss      \  \  .N  I      .\i      \  I  II 


'r    ^:ti     ..    ^    -V, 

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lilKl)  S  l.VM   \ll.\\    Ol     SI.   i'AULS  SI   IIUlJl.,  LA  W  K  liN  C  l.\  1  LLE 


^¥^'/ 


THE  CAPPAHOSIC  HIGH  SCHOOL 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


The  Mt.  Meigs  People's  School 


ISS  WASHINGTON,  in  her  report  "Ten  Years  in 
the  Black  Belt  "  says,  "My  fifteen  years' experi- 
ence at  Hampton  Institute  was  preparation  to 
[ilX^mOZ-Jj|  do  something  ;  my  ten  years'  work  at  Mt.  Meigs 
has  been  simply  an  attempt  to  do  something.  "  That  her  "  at- 
tempt "  has  been  successful  no  one  doubts  who  has  seen  her 
work.  The  little  settlement — home,  school,  farm, and  church — 
set  down  in  the  midst  of  an  ignorant  and  shiftless  population, 
has  long  been  like  an  oasis  in  the  desert. 

It  was  in  1893  that  Georgia  Washington,  Class  of  1882,  was 
called  from  Hampton  to  take  charge  of  a  school  in  Alabama. 
She  found  the  people  picking  cotton  and  no  building  for  a 
school  or  for  a  teacher  to  live  in  had  been  provided.  A  small 
cabin  was  rented  for  two  dollars  a  month  and  the  school  be- 
gan with  four  small  boys  as  pupils.  But  the  little  cabin  was 
soon  crowded,  and  the  children  were  taught  in  a  huge  barn  of 
a  church  until  a  schoolhouse  could  be  built.  The  end  of  the 
first  year  saw  one  hundred  pupils  enrolled.  After  ten  years 
the  old  plantation  on  which  cotton  was  being  picked  when 
Miss  Washington  arrived,  had  become  the  property  of  the  peo- 
ple and  formed  the  school  grounds  and  farm.  The  first  school- 
house  is  now  the  "Teacher's  Home  "  ;  a  new  church  has  been 
built  by  the  people  ;  and  a  large  two-story  school  building,  ac- 
commodating three  hundred  children,  is  the  "crowning  glory" 
of  the  settlement.  A  land  company,  started  through  Miss  Wash- 
ington's influence,  after  paying  for  the  plantation  of  three 
hundred  and  twenty  acres,  rented  it  for  four  years,  sharing 
the  proceeds.  In  1902  the  company  disbanded  and  divided 
the  land,  which  they  are  now  cultivating.  Seventy-five  men 
organized  in  1903  a  cotton-s^in  company  and  are  now  not  only 
ginning  cotton  themselves  but  are  doing  it  for  some  of  their 
white  neighbors. 


70 


GKORGIA  WASHINlITON 


THE     l'E(.)l'LE  S    SCHOOL    AT  MT.  .MEIGS 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Instructors  in  Industrial  Schools 

'!M0NG  tlios£  wlio  have  been  in  tlie  contin- 
uous service  of  ttieir  people  ever  since  tlieir 
graduation  is  Mrs.  Dtlla  Haydn,  Class  of  1877. 
During  the  fourteen  years  tliat  she  taught  in  the 
public  schools  of  Southside,  Vii-ginia,  Mrs.  Haydn  reached 
nearly  two  thousand  cliildren,  hundreds  of  whom  are  now 
teachers  in  their  turn.  For  eight  of  these  years  she  taught  a 
night  school  attended  by  over  two  hundred  laboring  men. 
Through  the  influence  of  Mrs.  Marriage  Allen  of  England  she 
became  an  enthusiastic  temperance  worker.  In  1888  she  organ- 
ized a  State  Teachers'  Temperance  Union  now  numbering  six 
hundred  members,  of  which  she  is  still  president. 

Mrs.  Haydn  was  asked  in  1890  to  accept  the  position 
of  lady  principal  at  the  Petersburg  Normal  School,  which  she 
held  for  thirteen  years.  Here  she  was  an  indefatigable  worker 
and  wielded  a  strong  influence,  which  was  always  on  the  side 
of  temperance.  In  19C4,  she  decided  to  can-y  out  her  heart's 
desire  and  start  an  industrial  school  for  girls  at  Franklin.  To 
do  this  she  resigned  her  excellent  position  at  Petersburg  and 
is  now  struggling  to  place  her  school  on  a  permanent  basis. 
Another  worker  of  prominence  in  an  industrial  school  is 
Robert  R.  Moton,  Class  of  1890,  who  was  made  Assistant  Com- 
luandant  of  Cadets  at  Hampton  immediately  upon  graduation, 
and  after  two  years  was  given  the  position  of  Commandant, 
which  he  has  held  ever  since.  Major  Moton  is  a  full-blooded 
Negro,  one  of  his  ancestors  having  been  an  African  prince 
who  was  captured  with  a  number  of  his  own  slaves  whom  he 
had  brought  down  to  the  coast  to  sell.  His  management  of  the 
cadets  at  Hampton  has  always  been  marked  by  wisdom  and 
tact,  and  his  judgment  on  race  questions  is  so  sane  and  help- 
ful that  it  is  sought  liy  many  white  men  interested  in  social 
and  economic  matters. 


''"  '"r-//; 


•*«;sSC 


THK    I'K  IKKSIIURC    NORMA!     AM)    INDISIKIAI.    COLLEGE 


MAIOR  RdliHUr    K.  Mil  ION 


What  Hampton  Graduates 
Are  Doing 
Towards  Training 
Mechanics  and 
Industrial  Instructors 


-■-fe;^ 


7  \ 


JOHN  MILTON'S  BLACKSMTTH  SHO  1'  AT  H  AM  P  TON,  \A  . 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Change  of  Ideal 


ARR  Y  J.  MORTON  came  to  Hampton  in  1896  with 
the  ambition  of  being  a  champion  prize  fighter 
or  baseball  player.  After  one  year  as  a  laborer 
in  the  engineer's  department  he  began  the  brick- 
layer's trade,  receiving  his  certificate  in  1900.  He  refused  a 
position  at  St.  Paul's  Industrial  School  at  Lawrenceville,  Vir- 
<*inia,  in  order  to  complete  his  academic  course.  In  the  mean- 
time he  had  united  with  the  school  church  and  had  become 
active  in  Y.  M.  C.  A.  work  as  well  as  a  devoted  missionary  to 
the  inmates  of  the  jail.  He  was  "  always  found  loyal  if  any 
trouble  arose  with  the  students." 

After  receiving  his  diploma  in  1901  he  accepted  the  Law- 
renceville position  as  instructor  in  bricklaying  which  had 
been  held  for  him  for  two  years.  The  first  year  he  put  in  a 
brick-making  plant  that  turns  out  20,000  bricks  per  day.  He 
was  then  engaged  to  lay  a  stone  foundation — something  he  had 
never  before  attempted.  The  work  was  pronounced  by  a 
white  citizen  the  best  of  the  kind  ever  done  in  the  town. 
During  his  first  two  years  he  built,  with  the  aid  of  a  few  ap- 
prentices, two  brick  stores,  a  postoffice,  and  a  bank,  each  two 
stories  high,  in  the  town  of  Lawrenceville ;  since  that  time  he 
has  done  the  brick  work  and  plastering  on  a  three-story  dor- 
mitory and  dining  hall  at  the  school,  and  is  now  working  on 
a  new  brick  chapel.  At  odd  times  he  has  built  an  eight-room 
brick  dwelling  house  of  his  own  on  a  lot  which  he  has  bought 
opposite  the  school  grounds.  This  he  rents  for  twenty  dol- 
lars per  month  to  a  white  citizen  of  Lawrenceville.  Mr.  Mor- 
ton has  also  found  time  to  teach  evening  school  and  a  Sun- 
day school  class  of  thirty-eight  boys.  He  has  no  time  or  de- 
sire for  prize  fighting. 


76 


HARRY   1.  MORTON  AT  WORK 


EDWARD  T.  SULLY  IN  T)IE  L  A\VR  ENCEVILLE  HARNESS  SHOP 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Hampton  Printers 


NE  of  Hampton's  successful  printers  is  Frank 
Hubbard,  an  Indian  belonging  to  the  Penobscot 
tribe  of  Oldtown,  Maine.  While  in  school  he 
worked  at  the  printer's  trade  and  was  for  a 
time  editor  and  manager  of  Talks  nncl  Thoii^ahts,  a  small  paper 
published  by  the  Hampton  Indians.  In  1893  he  was  graduated 
and  went  home,  working  at  first  at  rafting  logs,  but  afterwards 
securing  work  in  various  printing  offices  in  Oldtown  and  in 
Bangor,  Maine,  his  wages  being  increased  from  three  to  ten 
dollars  per  week.  In  1899,  Hubbard  accepted  a  Government 
position  as  industrial  teacher  at  Rosebud,  South  Dakota,  and 
later  was  transferred  to  the  Oglala  Boarding  School  at  Pine 
Ridge,  where  a  teacher  of  printing  was  needed,  and  where  a 
paper  was  to  be  started.  In  the  first  issue  of  the  Oglala  Light, 
1901,  his  name  appears  as  manager,  and  he  is  still  at  his  post, 
making  a  useful  paper,  notable  for  its  good  taste.  The  accom- 
panying picture  shows  him  at  work  in  his  office  with  his 
afternoon  detail. 

Among  the  Negro  graduates  who  are  doing  good  work  at  the 
trade  of  printing  may  be  mentioned  Robert  B.  Miller,  who 
has  worked  for  nine  years  in  the  office  at  Hampton  Institute 
and  is  now  in  charge  of  all  the  press  work.  The  grade  of 
work  done  by  Mr.  Miller  may  be  judged  from  the  appearance 
of  this  circular,  which  he  printed.  The  press  is  not  a  half- 
tone one  and  the  fact  that  he  makes  it  accomplish  as  good  results 
as  it  does,  shows  his  painstaking  and  thorough  work.  Four 
other  men  trained  in  this  office  have  worked  in  it  as  jobmen 
or  compositors  for  periods  varying  from  nine  to  twenty-six 
years. 


78 


Ki)i;i;Kr  i:.  mh.i.ek  at  his  i'ri:.s.s 


FRANK  HUKBARL)  IN  THE  OFFICE   OF  THE  "  OGLALA  LIGHT' 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Indian  Mechanics 

HARLES  DOXSON,  Class  of  89,  was  the  first'In- 
dian  student  to  come  to  Hampton  as  a  regular 
work  student  ;  that  is,  a  student  having  no  help 
[gt'^^"^--^'  "^r  from  the  Government.  He  worked  in  the  en- 
gine room  all  day  and  was  the  only  Indian  for  a  long  time  in 
the  night  school.  After  six  years  he  had  not  only  mastered 
his  trade,  but  won  an  academic  diploma.  The  following  "sum- 
mer he  found  employment  at  his  trade  in  Syracuse,  running 
a  high-speed  engine  for  the  Sweet  Manufacturing  Company. 
After  two  years  he  entered  the  New  York  Central  Railroad 
Shops  as  stationary  engineer  in  the  erecting  department. 
Here  he  found  the  need  of  further  instruction  in  mathematics 
and  draughting  and  began  a  course  of  night  study  which  he 
has  never  entirely  given  up.  As  a  result  of  his  faithful  work 
and  extra  study  he  was  advanced  until  he  was  one  of  the 
eight  highest  paid  mechanics,  and  held  a  position  which  in- 
cluded the  control  of  a  large  body  of  men.  He  was  elected  a 
member  of  a  New  York  state  labor  union,  his  objection  that 
he  was  neither  a  white  man  nor  a  citizen  being  set  aside  by 
the  vote  of  a  national  convention  that  his  life  of  independent 
self-support  had  made  him  virtually  a  citizen  and  given  him 
more  right  than  a  white  man  to  every  advantage  offered  by  a 
labor  union.      Mr.  Doxson  is  an  Onondaga  Indian. 

From  one  of  the  best  homes  among  the  Oneida  Indians, 
Nelson  Metoxen  came  to  Hampton  in  1889.  He  studied  wheel- 
wrighting  and  blacksmithing,  and  after  his  return  home  set 
up  a  shop  with  his  brother  where  they  carry  on  a  prosperous 
business,  and  at  the  same  time  operate  successfully  a  large 
farm.  For  a  part  of  the  time  he  has  taught  these  trades  in  an 
industrial  school  at  Morris,  Minnesota.  He  has  built  a  good 
home  for  his  family,  a  picture  of  which  is  shown  on  the  op- 
posite page. 


80 


k^Z 

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HOMK  OF  NELSON   METOXKN 


CIIAKLI.S  LMiXsQN    IN   THi;  KAILU'i.VU  SHOl' 


.;.:v\.  <./     -  What  Hampton  v^iraduate? 
;V:ii.!^ct^-A''"^  Doing       .^_  ^.   . 
rdsi 


*■     '^^     ■•*:    ^''■ 

;.■.■;;,",  Establishing  Foreign  Missions 


owards  Improving 

'^     ■•*:    ^''■ 

»i ',a<.i.^,*  Church  Life   and 


A  BACK  COUNTRY   CHl'Ki    II    I.N   ALA1;A.MA 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


"  Faith  without  works  is  dead  " 

I'EV.  JOHN  B.  RANDOLPH,  who  began  studying 
for  the  ministry  in  the  Pastor's  Class  at  Hamp- 
ton, was  born  of  slave  parents  and  was  obliged 
to  work  hard  for  an  education.     He  was  an  en- 
gineer by  trade. 

After  preparing  himself  for  the  ministry  he  had  short  pas- 
torates in  several  cities  and  was  then  called  to  his  present 
charge,  the  Metropolitan  Baptist  Church  in  Philadelphia.  At 
that  time  the  congregation  numbered  thirty-five  and  the  Sun- 
day school  twenty.  The  church  owned  no  property  and  had 
less  than  ten  dollars  in  its  treasury.  In  six  years  Mr.  Ran- 
dolph built  up  the  congregation  to  five  hundred  members  and 
the  Sunday  school  to  two  hundred.  Needing  a  church  build- 
ing of  their  own  and  not  having  funds  to  let  out  contracts,  the 
new  pastor  decided  that  they  would  build  the  church  them- 
selves. Starting  with  a  capital  of  $300,  he  called  on  the  me- 
chanics in  the  church  to  join  him,  and  then  worked  side  by 
side  with  them  as  they  built  ths  new  church  around  the  old 
one,  never  missing  a  Sunday  service  during  its  erection.  It 
was  dedicated  one  year  after  ground  was  broken,  and  two 
years  later  a  large  pipe  organ  was  installed  under  the  direc- 
tion of  the  pastor.     The  church  is  valued  at  $15,000. 

When  Mr.  Randolph  was  asked  to  tell  the  story  of  his 
church,  he  said  that  he  was  glad  to  tell  it  if  it  would  help  any 
discouraged  Hampton  student,  "for,"  he  added,  "I  fully  be- 
lieve that  there  is  success  for  any  one  of  them  who  will  pull 
off  his  coat,  roll  up  his  sleeves,  and  go  at  his  work  with  the 
Hampton  spirit." 


84 


METKOl'OI.ITAN   HAPTIST  CHURCH 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


An  African  Missionary 

NE  of  the  most  useful  missionaries  in  the  interior 
of  Africa  is  Rev.  William  H.  Sheppard,  an  ex- 
student  of  Hampton.  He  was  sent  to  that 
country  in  1885  by  the  Presbyterian  Church, 
South,  with  Rev.  Samuel  Lapsley,  son  of  Judge  Lapsley  of  Ala- 
bama, where  he  was  stationed  at  Luebo,  one  thousand  miles 
from  the  west  coast  of  Africa  on  a  branch  of  the  Congo.  Mr. 
Sheppard  was  from  the  first,  however,  much  interested  in  the 
Bakuba  people  who  lived  fifty  miles  further  inland  but  often 
passed  his  house  with  ivory  and  rubber  for  the  traders.  Al- 
though the  king  of  these  people  had  forbidden  all  foreigners 
to  approach  his  capital,  Mr.  Sheppard  visited  him  there,  over- 
coming all  obstacles  by  his  courage  and  tact.  For  his  discov- 
eries on  this  journey  he  was  made  a  Fellow  of  the  Royal  Geo- 
graphical Society  of  London. 

Obliged  for  a  time  to  give  up  his  idea  of  work  among  the 
Bakuba,  he  never  lost  sight  of  his  purpose  and  finally  suc- 
ceeded in  establishing  a  station  at  Ibanj  in  the  Bakuba  country 
where  he  built  a  large  church  in  which  over  sixty  converts 
were  baptized  on  one  Sabbath.  In  a  late  number  of  The 
Missionnry  Mr.  Sheppard  is  referred  to  in  the  following 
words:  "He  not  only  builds  churches  and  preaches  the  Gos- 
pel and  beautifies  the  mission  with  broad  avenues  and  boule- 
vards, but,  like  Luke,  he  is  also  the  beloved  physician.  He  is 
known,  loved,  and  reverenced  by  the  natives  far  and  wide." 

Among  the  results  of  his  work  are  3,000  members  of  the 
church  at  Luebo,  and  8,000  natives  in  the  school  there.  At 
Ibanj  are  1,000  members  and  500  in  the  school.  Seventy-five 
native  evangelists  go  out  from  the  two  stations  to  carry  the 
Gospel  into  remote  districts,  and  the  influence  of  the  mission 
is  widely  felt. 


86 


I 


lilK    llk>r    I'K1lM;\    ll-.KIAN    <    HLKI    II   AT  IIIA.NI 


PENNSYLVANIA  AVENUE,    llJANl 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Indian  Catechists 

ERBERT  WELSH,  of  Standing  Rock,  a  full-blood- 
ed Sioux,  is  a  Hampton  ex-student  who  is  doing 
effective  missionary  work  among  his  own  peo- 
ple. Before  coming  East  he  attended  school  at 
St.  Paul's  School  at  the  Yankton  Agency,  where  he  came  un- 
der the  influence  of  Rsv.  Charles  Cook  and  received  from  him 
his  first  impulse  toward  a  missionary  life.  In  1887  he  came 
to  Hampton  where  he  spent  three  years  in  earnest,  faithful 
work.  He  then  went  to  Wilder,  Minn,  attending  the  agricul- 
tural school  there  for  one  year  and  also  studying  the  Bible 
with  the  rector  of  the  parish.  On  his  return  home  he  began 
his  work  as  a  catechist  at  a  mission  station  on  the  Standing 
Rock  reservation.  After  his  ordination  as  deacon  he  was  put 
in  charge  of  a  small  church  near  St.  Elizabeth's  School.  He 
has  been  steadfast  and  faithful  in  his  work  in  spite  of  the 
trouble  and  annoyance  which  his  enemies  have  caused  him  by 
charges  which  have  been  proven  false.  At  present  he  is  serv- 
ing as  assistant  to  the  Rev.  Phillip  Deloria,  also  an  Indian,  in 
St.  Elizabeth's  Church,  which  is  headquarters  for  the  Episco- 
pal work  on  the  reservation.  The  church  is  well  attended, 
and  the  services,  which  are  carried  on  entirely  in  the  Dakota 
language,  are  reverently  and  attentively  followed  by  the  con- 
gregation. 

Hampton  graduates  and  ex-students  among  the  returned 
Indians  are  active  in  promoting  the  societies  known  as  "  Re- 
turned Students'  and  Progressive  Indians'  Associations,"  the 
members  of  which  are  banded  together  to  help  each  other  in 
maintaining  the  ideals  that  they  have  set  for  themselves.  Their 
purpose  is  not,  however,  merely  their  own  advancement,  but 
the  welfare  of  the  whole  people,  and  their  value  can  hardly  be 
overestimated. 


88 


MUETING  PLACE  OK  THE  RETURNED   STUDENTS'  ASSOCIATION 


HERBERT  WELSH'S  CHURCH 


What  Hampton  Graduates 

Are  Doing 

In  Professional  Life 


90 


ARCHDEACON    lAMES   S.  RUSSELL 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


Some  Hampton  Professional  Men 

||lXTEEN  per  cent  of  Hampton's  graduates  and  ten 
per  cent  of  her  ex -students  have  gone  into  the 
professions    and    are  making  good    records    as 
preachers,  doctors,  lawyers,  editors,  writers,  art- 
ists, singers,  and  trained  nurses. 

Among  the  prominent  preachers  who  had  their  early  train- 
ing at  Hampton  are  Thomas  Nelson  Baker,  who  has  a  flourish- 
ing church  at  Pittsfield,  Mass  ;  and  in  Virginia,  Archdeacon 
Russell,  principal  of  St.  Paul's  School,  Lawrenceville  ;  Rev. 
George  B.  Howard  of  Petersburg,  Rev.  Thomas  H.  Shorts  of 
Hampton,  and  Rev.  Henry  H.  Harris,  who  has  recently  ac- 
cepted a  call  to  Newport  News.  An  interesting  incident  in 
connection  with  his  former  church  at  Cincinnati,  Ohio,  is  the 
raising  of  his  church  debt.  A  mortgage  on  the  church  had 
been  running  for  five  years  and  the  amount  due  was  $10,300. 
The  pastor  at  once  set  to  work  to  reduce  the  debt,  and  after 
six  years  of  hard  and  persistent  work  succeeded  in  paying  it. 
A  number  of  Indians  have  done  excellent  work  as  cate- 
chists — among  them  Herbert  Welsh  of  Standing  Rock,  Medi- 
cine Bull  of  Lower  Brule,  and  Baptiste  Lambert  of  White 
Swan,  S.  D.  Patient  and  faithful  work  such  as  these  men 
are  doing  is  having  its  result  in  the  uplifting  of  the  Sioux  and 
their  slow  but  steady  growth  in  the  Christian  religion. 

A  graduate  of  the  Class  of  1877,  Robert  B.  Williams,  has 
been  for  ten  years  a  barrister  and  solicitor  in  Wellington,  New 
Zealand.  From  his  far-away  home  he  writes:  "I  am  satisfied 
that  the  education  of  the  people  of  my  race  is  practicable  only 
along  the  lines  pursued  at  Hampton.  I  find  human  nature 
the  same  everywhere.  1  have  a  white  servant  in  my  house 
and  have  to  defend  a  white  criminal  in  the  court.  I  am  mayor 
of  my  town  and  the  only  colored  man  in  it.  I  find  that  good 
and  evil  do  not  depend  upon  the  color  of  the  skin." 


92 


JIERBERT  WELSH 


REV.  T.  H.  SHORTS 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


An  Indian  Artist 

^JNGEL  DECORA,  artist  and  writer,  came  to  Hamp- 
ton in  the  fall  of  '88,  a  little  Winnebago  girl 
witti  no  education  and  but  a  little  English. 
After  her  graduation  in  '91  she  entered  Miss 
Burnham's  school  at  Nortiianipton,  and  then  the  Smith  College 
Art  School,  from  which  she  was  graduated  with  honors  in  '96, 
earning  her  tuition  by  her  own  exertions.  After  two  years 
under  Howard  Pyle  at  the  Drexel  Institute  and  a  year  at  the 
Cowles  Art  School  in  Boston  she  opened  a  studio  in  New  York. 
In  '97  she  published  in  Harper's  Monthly  two  little  stories  of 
Indian  life  which  she  illustrated  herself.  These  brought  her 
many  friends  and  abundant  opportunities  for  similar  work. 
Her  colored  frontispiece  for  Frank  La  Flssche's  little  book 
"  The  Middle  Five"  is  perhaps  her  best  known  illustration, 
though  her  work  in  Miss  Judd's  "  Wigwam  Stories  "  and  Zit- 
kala-sa's  "Old  Indian  Legends  "  has  been  much  admired. 

In  '97  she  spent  the  summer  among  the  Arickaras  in 
North  Dakota  and  did  some  very  excellent  portrait  work  in 
colors.  For  the  Government  exhibits  at  Buffalo  and  Charles- 
ton she  not  only  made  some  unique  and  interesting  designs 
for  furniture,  but  painted  in  oils  a  sunset  scene  on  the  prairie, 
that  has  received  much  favorable  criticism 

Alone  and  almost  unaided,  Miss  de  Cora,  devoted  alike  to 
lier  art  and  her  people,  has  worked  out  her  own  problem  with 
a  cheerful  courage  and  persistence  that  does  credit  to  her  race. 


94 


ANC;EL    DIXOKA 


ILI.USTKA  1  ION  FKt).M  "THE  SICK  CHILD 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Successful  Physician 


^, 


■}'. 


^)^^^i^  ^ONG  the  Hampton  men  who  have  become  suc- 
•7  =  x;  '  cessful  physicians  is  Maurice  W.  Pannill,  M.  D, 
of  Staunton,  Virginia.  When  he  was  twenty,  he 
:ij— ^  -'■_■■' -j: J— IT j\  came  to  Hampton  from  a  little  district  school, 
his  father  giving  him  ten  dollars  and  his  railroad  fare  and  tell- 
ing him  he  must  shift  for  himself.  He  was  a  member  of  "the 
plucky  class,"  working  hard  all  day  at  the  sawmill  and  study- 
ing two  hours  at  night — an  experience  which  he  says  made  a 
man  of  him.  He  was  graduated  in  '88  and  after  teaching  for 
one  year,  he  began  his  medical  course  at  Shaw  University. 
He  took  the  winter  courses  at  Shaw  and  the  spring  courses  at 
the  University  of  Pennsylvania,  at  the  same  time  having  the 
benefit  of  the  clinics  and  lectures  at  the  Blockley  Hospital. 
After  receiving  his  diploma  he  took  the  Virginia  State  ex- 
amination, passing  second  of  seventy-two  candidates.  In 
October  '94,  he  established  himself  in  practice  in  Staunton, 
Virginia.  With  his  first  earnings  he  assisted  an  older  brother 
in  buying  a  home,  and  helped  towards  the  support  of  his  aged 
parents.  In  '96,  he  bought  a  house  and  lot,  and  having  mar- 
ried, moved  his  office  to  his  home,  from  time  to  time  making 
extensive  improvements  on  his  property,  which  is  on  one  of 
the  principal  streets  of  Staunton.  He  gradually  gained  the 
confidence  of  the  people  and  of  his  fellow  practitioners,  all 
of  whom  are  white,  but  who  consult  with  him  and  show  in 
various  ways  their  confidence  and  respect. 

Meantime,  one  of  his  brothers,  Nathaniel  Pannill,  also  a 
Hampton  man,  passed  the  State  examination  and  became  a 
registered  pharmacist.  The  doctor  and  druggist  rented  a  store 
and  invested  in  a  complete  stock  of  drugs.  The  store  is  kept 
clean  and  attractive  and  the  business  is  conducted  on  strict 
business  principles,  commending  itself  to  both  races  alike. 
Dr.  Pannill  is  looking  forward  to  establishing  a  hospital  for 
his  race. 

96 


I.AVIMA    ( OKNELIUS 

,1  II    I  ,1  il  i  ,1  II     r  I-  II  i  II  -■  (I    N  II  r . 


THE  HOME  OF  MAURICE  W.  PANNILL,  M.  D. 


What  Hampton  Graduates  Are  Doing 


A  Country  Lawyer's  Work 

WENTY-SIX  years  ago,  Thomas  C.  Walker,  Class 
of  1883,  now  a  successful  lawyer  of  Gloucester 
County,  Virginia,  was  an  ignorant  country  boy 
in  what  was  called  "the  plucky  class"  at 
Hampton,  taught  by  Booker  T.  Washington.  The  boys  of  this 
class  worked  hard  at  the  school  sawmill  or  at  other  industries 
during  the  day  and  studied  for  two  hours  in  the  evening.  At 
the  end  of  his  work  year  Walker  had  saved  $92,  a  dollar  for 
every  cent  he  owned  when  he  reached  Hampton.  After  his 
graduation  he  taught  for  six  years,  sending  twenty-six  pupils 
to  Hampton  during  that  time.  He  then  began  the  study  of  law 
with  an  ex-Confederate  soldier,  was  admitted  to  the  bar  in 
three  years,  and  has  since  practiced  in  all  the  courts,  has  been 
four  times  justice  of  the  peace,  once  county  commissioner, 
once  delegate  to  the  National  Republican  Convention,  and  in 
1896  was  appointed  Collector  of  Customs  for  the  port  of  Rap- 
pahannock, the  only  Negro  ever  given  such  an  appointment  in 
Virginia. 

Recently  Mr.  Walker  was  offered  the  consulship  at  Guade- 
loupe, W.  I,  at  a  salary  of  $1200,  but  refused  it  in  order  to 
continue  in  the  service  of  his  people  in  Virginia,  for  from  the 
first  he  has  interested  himself  in  their  betterment.  Almost 
all  the  colored  people  in  his  county  were  renters.  He  helped 
them  to  build  homes  and  buy  land  until  now  ninety  per  cent 
own  and  manage  farms.  The  churches  were  improved.  The 
migration  to  Northern  cities  was  stopped,  and  for  a  space  of 
five  years  no  Negro  was  sent  from  that  county  to  the  peni- 
tentiary. Mr.  Walker  has  also  conducted  an  educational  cam- 
paign which  has  roused  the  people  to  raise  money  for  theim- 
provement  of  schools.  Through  his  efforts  the  colored  people 
in  thirteen  counties  raised  $1,685  in  one  year  to  lengthen  the 
school  term.  He  has  also  been  a  strong  temperance  worker, 
and  through  his  influence  the  saloon  has  been  abolished  in 
many  counties. 


BIRTHPLACE  OK  THOMAS  L.   WALKEK 


THOMAS  C.  walker's  PRESENT  HOME 


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